Pharmacists’ specialized training allows them to command pay that can exceed $55 an hour.Ĭompared to other spa functions, little training is required of a tanning bed operator-although the ability to tell time may help.īakers wake up early to give shoppers their daily bread.Īlmost anyone can buy a shotgun or parent a child without any training, but every state requires a license in order to cut hair.īagging groceries requires a friendly personality as well as knowing that eggs should not go on the bottom.Ĭucumber masks are usually applied by a skincare specialist who has taken a professional training program.įolks that work checkout aisles should be trusted to handle cash. Many also provide pedicures, a service whose popularity has nearly doubled in the recent past.
Some spa employees manicure fingernails, a practice that is over four thousand years old.
#Matrix organizational structure full#
Grocery stockers often work at night to make sure shelves stay full during the day. Table 10.4 Functional Structure Grocery Store Functions Illustrated are functional structures in action within two types of organizations that commonly use them.
Organizations become more complex as they grow, and this can require more formal division of labor and a strong emphasis on hierarchy and vertical links.įunctional structures rely on a division of labor whereby groups of people handle activities related to a specific function of the overall business. This structure works well in knowledge industries such as IT, where responsiveness to changing environmental and competitive forces must be quick. The boundaryless organization is flat, with decentralized decision making and the use of many cross-functional teams. Complex organizations or firms that engage in projects of limited duration may use a matrix structure where employees can be put on different teams to maximize creativity and idea flow. The matrix structure can be thought of as a hybrid between functional and divisional structures. General Electric, for example, had six product divisions: Energy, Capital, Home & Business Solutions, Healthcare, Aviation, and Transportation. In this type of structure, employees are divided into departments based on product areas and/or geographic regions. Within a functional structure, employees are divided into departments that each handle activities related to a functional area of the business, such as marketing, production, human resources, information technology, and customer service. Table 10.3 Common Organizational Structures Functional Structure While no two organizational structures are exactly alike, four general types of structures are available to executives: functional, multi-divisional, matrix, and boundaryless. If a firm’s structure is designed to maximize efficiency, for example, the firm may lack the flexibility needed to react quickly to exploit new opportunities.Įxecutives rely on vertical and horizontal linkages to create a structure that they hope will match the firm’s needs. Once a structure is created, it constrains future strategic moves. As they do this, executives must realize that the choice of structure will influence their firm’s strategy in the future. When creating a structure for their firm, executives will take one of these types and adapt it to fit the firm’s unique circumstances.
Like snowflakes, however, no two organizational structures are exactly alike. Four types of structures are available to executives: Within most firms, executives rely on vertical and horizontal linkages to create a structure that they hope will match the needs of their firm’s strategy. 10.4 Creating an Organizational Structure